The development process of ultrasound imaging diagnosis technology in China has exceeded half a century. With the continuous improvement of electronic information technology and computer imaging technology, ultrasound diagnostic instruments and equipment have also undergone multiple revolutionary developments, from analog signals/black and white ultrasound/harmonic contrast/manual recognition to digital signals/color ultrasound/elastic imaging/artificial intelligence. New functions and application levels are constantly expanding, and ultrasound imaging diagnostic equipment is constantly innovating and breaking through, which has led to a huge demand for it in the medical industry.
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Basic classification of common ultrasound imaging diagnostic equipment
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Ultrasound imaging diagnostic equipment is a clinical diagnostic device developed based on the principle of ultrasound. Due to its relatively low cost compared to large medical equipment such as CT and MRI, as well as its advantages of non-invasive and real-time inspection. Therefore, the scope of clinical application is becoming increasingly widespread. Currently, ultrasound examination is roughly divided into A-mode ultrasound (one-dimensional ultrasound), B-mode ultrasound (two-dimensional ultrasound), three-dimensional ultrasound, and four-dimensional ultrasound.
The commonly referred to B-ultrasound actually refers to black and white two-dimensional B-ultrasound, which captures images in a black and white two-dimensional plane. Color ultrasound, on the other hand, overlays the collected blood flow signals in real-time on the two-dimensional image after computer color coding, forming a color Doppler ultrasound blood flow image.
Three dimensional ultrasound diagnosis is based on a color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument, equipped with a data acquisition device, and reconstructed through three-dimensional software to form a medical device that can display three-dimensional imaging functions. Therefore, it can display human organs more three-dimensional and detect lesions more intuitively. Four dimensional ultrasound is the addition of a fourth dimensional time vector (inter dimensional parameter) on top of three-dimensional ultrasound.
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Types and applications of ultrasound probes
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In the process of ultrasound imaging diagnosis, the ultrasound probe is an important component of ultrasound diagnostic equipment, which is a device that emits and receives ultrasound waves during the ultrasound detection and diagnosis process. The performance of the probe directly affects the characteristics of ultrasound and the detection performance of ultrasound, so the probe is particularly important in ultrasound image diagnosis.
Some conventional probes in ultrasound probes mainly include: single crystal convex array probes, phased array probes, linear array probes, volumetric probes, and intracavity probes.
1. Single crystal convex array probe
Ultrasound imaging is a product of close integration between the probe and the system platform, so both software and hardware need to meet the requirements of a single crystal probe on the same machine.
The single crystal convex array probe uses a single crystal probe material, with a convex probe surface, small contact surface, and a fan-shaped imaging field. It is widely used and is often used in organs with relatively deep areas such as the abdomen, obstetrics and gynecology, and lungs.
2. Phased array probe
The probe surface is flat, with a small contact surface, the smallest near-field field field of view, and the larger far-field field of view. The imaging field is fan-shaped, suitable for the heart.
Cardiac probes are usually divided into three categories based on the target audience: adults, children, and newborns: (1) adults have the deepest heart position and slower pulsation speed; (2) Newborns have a shallower heart position and the fastest beating speed; (3) The condition of children's hearts is between that of newborns and adults.
3. Linear array probe
The probe surface is flat, with a large contact area and a rectangular imaging field of view. It has high imaging resolution and relatively low penetration, making it suitable for examining superficial blood vessels, small organs, muscles, and bones.
4. Volumetric probe
A volumetric probe is a computer reconstruction algorithm that obtains a complete spatial shape by continuously collecting spatial distribution positions based on two-dimensional images. Applicable to: fetal face, spine, and limbs, etc.
5. Intracavity probe
The intracavity probe has the characteristics of high frequency and high image resolution, without the need to fill the bladder. The probe is closely attached to the tested area, placing the pelvic organs in the near-field area of the sound beam, resulting in clearer images.
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Metrological calibration of ultrasound imaging diagnostic equipment
Ultrasound imaging plays a significant role in clinical diagnosis, and its performance is closely related to the accuracy of diagnostic results. Therefore, the ultrasound source of medical ultrasound diagnostic instruments is classified as a mandatory medical measuring instrument in the National Metrology Law. Only through strict and professional medical metrology testing can medical workers ensure safe use and accurate diagnosis.
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